Here is a table showing the strongest empires or entities for each of the last 10 centuries, along with their main competitors, according to Grok, Gemini, Perplexity and ChatGPT. At the far right I put the consensus of sorts. I know this is up for debate and there's no right answer but just curious if there's anything glaringly wrong?
Note - they removed it from the history subreddits because they don't like LLMs
| Century | Gemini Strongest (Competitors) | Perplexity Strongest (Competitors) | Grok Strongest (Competitors) | ChatGPT Strongest (Competitors) | Consensus Strongest | Consensus Competitors |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 10th CE | Islamic Caliphates (Umayyad/Abbasid) (Byzantine Empire (Eastern Roman), Tang Dynasty (China), Carolingian Empire) | Song China (Holy Roman Empire, Islamic states) | Song China (Byzantine Empire, Fatimid Caliphate) | Song China (Abbasids (fragmented), Byzantines) | Song China | Byzantine Empire, Fatimid/Abbasid Caliphate (fragmented), Holy Roman Empire, Islamic states |
| 11th CE | Mongols (Dynastic China (Song/Ming), Mamluk Sultanate, Delhi Sultanate, Emerging EU States) | Song China (Byzantine, Seljuks) | Song China (Seljuk Empire, Byzantine Empire) | Song China (Seljuks, Byzantines) | Seljuk Empire, Byzantine Empire | |
| 12th CE | Mongols (Dynastic China (Song/Ming), Mamluk Sultanate, Delhi Sultanate, Emerging EU States) | Mongols (Song China, Islamic states) | Song China (Seljuk Empire, Kingdom of England) | Song/China, Islamic states (Crusader states) | Jin Dynasty, Seljuk Empire, Kingdom of England | |
| 13th CE | Mongols (Dynastic China (Song/Ming), Mamluk Sultanate, Delhi Sultanate, Emerging EU States) | Mongol Yuan China (Delhi Sultanate, EU states) | Mongols (Song China (until conquered), Mamluk Egypt) | Mongols (Song China, Abbasids) | Mongols | Mamluk, Islamic states/Caliphates |
| 14th CE | Mongols (Dynastic China (Song/Ming), Mamluk Sultanate, Delhi Sultanate, Emerging EU States) | Ming China (Ottoman, EU kingdoms) | Ming China (from mid-century) (Timurid Empire, Ottomans) | Mongol successor states (Mamluks, Ming China) | Ming China | Yuan Dynasty, Mongol successor states, Timurid Empire, Ottomans |
| 15th CE | Mongols (Dynastic China (Song/Ming), Mamluk Sultanate, Delhi Sultanate, Emerging EU States) | Ottomans (Ming China, Spain) | Ming China (Ottomans, Timurid Empire) | Ming China (Ottomans) | Ottomans, Timurid Empire, Emerging EU States | |
| 16th CE | Spain (Ottomans, Qing Dynasty (China), France, Portugal, Dutch Empire) | Spain (Ottoman, Ming/Qing China) | Ottomans (Ming China, Spain, Safavid Persia) | Ottomans, Spain (Ming China, Portugal) | Ottomans | Ming China, Spain, Portugal, Safavid Persia, Holy Roman Empire |
| 17th CE | Spain (Ottomans, Qing Dynasty (China), France, Portugal, Dutch Empire) | France/Britain (Qing China, Ottoman) | Qing China (from mid-century) (Mughal India, Spain, Ottomans) | Dutch/Spains (France, England, Ottoman) | Qing China | Dutch/Spain; Ottomans |
| 18th CE | Spain (Ottomans, Qing Dynasty (China), France, Portugal, Dutch Empire) | Britain (France, Russia, Qing China) | Qing China (UK, France, RU) | Britain, France (Spain, Russia) | UK | Qing China, France, RU, Spain |
| 19th CE | UK (RU, France, US (rising), German Empire) | US (Britain, USSR) | UK (France, RU, Qing China) | UK (France, Russia, US) | France, RU, Qing China, US | |
| 20th CE | US (US) (USSR (USSR) (Cold War Rival), Nazi Germany/Japan (WWII), Rising EU Powers) | US (China, EU) | US (especially post-WWII) (USSR, UK (early), Nazis) | US (USSR, China) | US | USSR, UK, China |
| 2001–present | N/A | N/A | US (China, EU Union, Russia) | US (China, EU) | China, EU |
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